Required

• Muhamad M. Badawi, "Introduction" to A Short History of Modern Arabic Literature (PDF file; Adobe Reader required [already loaded on HSU computers; if you're working from home and need to install this free program, go to the Adobe website])
• Edward Said, excerpts from Orientalism

Recommended

Orientation: Islam, Africa, and the Middle East

• Ali A. Mazrui, "Where Is Africa?""
• Audrey Shabbas, "Colonialism"
• Audrey Shabbas, "An Introduction to Islam"

Orientalism

• "Orientalism" (Postcolonial Studies, Emory University)
• Orientalism, a website maintained by Jim Dexheimer of Western Michigan University
• Edward Said, "Islam Through Western Eyes" (The Nation 26 April 1980)
• John L. Esposito, "Political Islam: Beyond the Green Menace"
• Laurence Michalak, "The Arab in American Cinema"
• See also the section entitled "Arabs and Islam in/and the West" on the General Reference page of this website