Botany 359 Second Lecture Examination, fall 1999 Name_________________________

I. Supply the word that best fits the definition.

___________________________A basidiocarp composed of generative hyphae and either binding or skeletal hyphae.

___________________________A basidium in which the spindles of dividing nuclei are oriented across the long axis of the basidium.

___________________________A bridgelike hyphal connection characteristic of the secondary mycelium of many Basidiomycota.

___________________________A condition in which genetically different nuclei are associated in the same protoplast or the same mycelium.

___________________________A fungus in all its possible forms, either latent or expressed.

___________________________A general term used to refer to a group of Basidiomycota characterized by basidiospores that mature within basidiocarps and are not forcibly discharged from their basidia.

___________________________A modified hymenium in which sterile structures enclose and protect deep-seated basidia that eventually mature and grow through the sterile structures.

___________________________A parasitic organism capable of growing on dead organic matter under some conditions.

___________________________A permanent darkening of tissues following treatment with KOH, as in the Hymenochaetaceae of Aphyllophorales.

___________________________A relatively simple plant body devoid of stems, roots, and leaves; in fungi, the somatic phase that is typically composed of parenchyma-like cells (the answer is not mycelium)

___________________________A septum with a central pore surrounded by a barrel-shaped swelling of the septal wall and covered on both sides by a perforated membrane.

___________________________An artificial classification of conidial fungi based on conidium morphology and color.

___________________________Pertaining to a cell that contains a pair of closely associated, sexually compatible nuclei.

___________________________Refers to fungi in which sexual reproduction takes place in a single thallus, that is, therefore, self-compatible.

___________________________That portion of a basidiocarp that bears the hymenium

___________________________That portion of the basidium in which karyogamy takes place.

___________________________The ability of a parasitic fungus to complete its entire life cycle on a single host species.

___________________________The glebal chamber of a bird's nest fungus

___________________________The inner fertile portion of a basidiocarp found in some basidiomycetes; comparable to the centrum in ascomycetes

___________________________The intercellular network of hyphae in ectomycorrhiza

___________________________The layer of air that runs parallel to the ground; this layer is found just below the hymenium.

___________________________The structure with which a rust spermatium fuses.

___________________________Used by some workers to describe the long and usually tapered distal portion of a basidium that bears a sterigma at its tip.

___________________________Used in a general way to describe fungi that live inside the leaves and/or stems of apparently healthy tissues.

II. Place the numbers of the taxa in the second column in the space provided next to the feature in the first column

_______gametangial copulation involved in producing the sporocarp

_______gametangial copulation not involved in producing the sporocarp

_______haploid peridium or pellis

_______dikaryotic peridium or pellis

_______primary mycelium only

_______secondary mycelium only

_______tertiary mycelium only

_______inferior hymenium

_______amphigenous hymenium

_______superior hymenium

_______can have no hymenium

_______can be epigeous

_______can be hypogeous

_______always epigeous

_______meiosporangium contains endospores

_______meiosporangium contains exospores

_______can have two meiospores

_______can have four meiospores

_______can have eight meiospores

_______haploid sterile cells

_______diploid sterile cells

_______dikaryotic sterile cells

_______hyphae can have simple septal pores

_______hyphae can have doliopore septa

_______hamaethecium typically present

_______centrum typically present

_______composed of septate hyphae

_______forceful meiospore discharge typically occurs

_______heterotropic meiospore attachment can be present

_______center part of sporocarps can have dikaryotic cells

_______clamp connections always present

1. Ascocarp only

2. Basidiocarp only

3. Ascocarp and Basidiocarp

4. None of the above (that is, neither ascocarp nor basidiocarp)

III. Place the numbers of the taxa in the second column in the space provided next to the feature in the first column. All features apply to the wheat rust except for the last 4 questions.

can infect a vascular plant

_______functions as a gamete

_______produced in a chain

_______produced one at a time

_______haploid

_______dikaryotic

_______colorless

_______orange to yellow in color

_______brown to black in color

_______produced in a sorus or a sporocarps

_______the sorus in which this spore is produced is composed of fungal hyphae

_______the overwintering stage

_______composed of one cell in the wheat rust

_______infects wheat in the wheat rust

_______stage that begins the life cycle of the rust in the spring in the southern part of the United States

_______stage that spreads the disease through wheat plantations during the latter part of the summer

_______has a smooth wall

_______has a roughened wall

_______infects pines in white pine blister rust

_______infects pines in the western gall rust

_______repeater stage in demicyclic rusts

_______produced in a column in white pine blister rust

letters refer to spore stages only

A. O stage

B. I stage

C. II stage

D. III stage

E. IV stage

F. none of the above

G. all of the above

IV. Place the numbers of the taxa in the second column in the space provided next to the feature in the first column.

mycobiont has septate hyphae

_______mycobiont has non-septate hyphae

_______typically present in vascular plants except for about 20 families

_______junipers, redwoods, and cedars are the photobiont

_______grasses typically have this kind of relationship

_______typically present in rotting wood that is characterized by cubes and checks

_______ascomycetes can be the mycobiont

_______basidiomycetes can be the mycobiont

_______imperfect fungi (deuteromycetes) can be the mycobiont

_______phycomycetes can be the mycobiont

_______mycobiont produces pectinases

_______mycobiont produces cellulases

_______well-developed hartig net can be present

_______well-developed mantle present

_______hyphae of mycobiont cannot penetrate the endodermal cells of roots

_______can be present in the growing tips of roots

_______produces hormones that cause the root tips to enlarge and change shape

_______can aid the photobiont in overcoming drought conditions

_______intracellular hyphal structures present

_______intercellular hyphal structures present

_______can be found in the leaves of vascular plants

_______thought to provide resistance to herbviory to some vascular plants

_______functions to provide success to the mycobiont in colonizing new substrates

_______can be present in vascular plants that occupy the transition between fresh and salt water habitats

_______can be produced by the primary mycelium of basidiomycetes

_______can be produced by the dikaryotic mycelium of basidiomycetes.

1. ectomycorrhizae

2. endomycorrhizae

3. arbutoid ectendomycorrhizae

4. ericoid ectendomycorrhizae

5. endophytic fungi

6. all of the above

7. none of the above

V. In the space provided, arrange the numbers into a life cycle of a heterothallic basidiomycete. The numbers should be placed in the spaces provided with the first number given

1. 4 Basidiospores on a basidium
2. basidiole
3. basidiome formation
4. basidiome initial
5. beginning of the secondary mycelium
6. clamp connection formation
7. Formation of the Tertiary mycelium
8. hymenium differentiation
9. Hymenophore differentiation
10. hypha formation
11. hyphal aggregation
12. hyphal fusion
13. hyphal growth and compartmentalization
14. hyphal tuft
15. Karyogamy
16. Meiosis
17. Pileus and stipe differentiation, demarcation and expansion
18. Plasmogamy
19. production of the primary mycelium beginning with (the next number))
20. production of the secondary mycelium beginning with (the next number)
21. production of the tertiary mycelium beginning with (the next number)
22. spore deposition
23. spore discharge
24. spore dispersal
25. spore dormancy
26. spore germination

life cycle beginning with #1; next to each stage place the ploidy number of that stage (N, N+N, 2N) in the parentheses provided.

__1_( )

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