table

Thallus = metabolizing plant body composed of simple cells

Thallophytes= organisms with a thallus; in this course

Some Protista ---water molds

Fungi

The thallus of thallophyes

single cell

hyphae: filament, about the size of one hair

non-septate (coenocytic) without cross walls

septate: with cross walls

mycelium: mass of interconnecting hyphae

obtains carbohydrates by secreting exoenzymes from hyphal tips, breaking down the carbohydrates into soluble products and absorbing the soluble products back into the hypha. This process is called absorptive nutrition.

Reproductive Structures

terms for spores

endospore, exospore

zoospore, aplanospore

meispore, mitospore

basidium (a kind of meiosporangium) that produces basidiospores; basidiospores are characterized as follows:

exospore

4 in number

aplanospore

haploid

ascus (a kind of meiosporangium) that produces ascospores; ascospores are characterized as follows:

endospore

8 in number

aplanospore

haploid

zoosporangium in Phytopthora can produce zoospores; zoospores are charcterized as follows:

endospore

several in number

motile by flagella

in Phytophthora, these are diploid

conidiophore is a specialized branch that can produce a conidium; conidium is the term for a spore produced from a conidiophore or directly from hyphae

exospore

1 to many

non-motile

all N or 2N

Sporocarp (spore fruit body): mass of hyphae on which or in which meiosporangia or mitosporangia are borne

Ascocarp

Basidiocarp

Sygamy

isogamy (zygospore)

heterogamy

anisogamy

oogamy (oospore)

	Deuteromycota (=Deuteromycetes)	Basidiomycota (=basidiomycetes)	Ascomycota (=Ascomycetes))	Oomycota (=Oomycetes)
Kingdom	fungi	fungi	fungi	protista
thallus	single cell; mycelium	single cell; mycelium	single cell; mycelium	single cell; mycelium
hyphae	non-septate	septate	septate	septate
meiospor-angium	none	basidium	ascus	none
meiospore	none	basidiospore	ascospore	none
mitospore	conidium	conidium	conidium	conidium; zoospore
mitosporangium	none; may conidiophore instead	none; may conidiophore instead	none; may conidiophore instead	none; may conidiophore instead; also has zoosporangium
sporocarp	pcynidium, synnema, acervulus	basidiocarp	ascocarp	none
fusion spore	none	none	none	oospore
habitat	typically terrestrial or in/on plants	typically terrestrial or in/on plants	typically terrestrial or in/on plants	in water
diseases produced	root rot; cankers; leaf and needle disease; leaf curl; vascular wilt	root rot; stem rots; wood decay; rusts; smuts	root rot; cankers; leaf and needle disease; leaf curl; vascular wilt	root rot; wilts; damping off; seed rots; downy mildes; blister rusts