Calyptospora (Puccinastrum) goeppertiana. Demicyclic, eu-type rust with the 0,I stage found on species of Abies, and the III, IV stage found on species of Vaccinium. Symptoms on fir are the yellowing areas on needles with the the aecial stage (Peridermium) hanging down from the infected needles (see bottom picture to the right, above). Symptoms on huckleberry are the fasiculations and proliferation of branches (with mature telial layers seen on picture to the left; immature layers seen in the middle picture)

Cronatrium ribicola-white pine blister rust.

0, I stage on white pines (5-needle pines); II, III, IV stages on species of Ribes. 0 (pycnidial) stage in cankers on stems, chacterized by imedded pycnidial layers with reddening areas preceded by bleeding (see left, top); the pycnidial areas always precede the aecial areas and can be found on the periphery of the aecia (see middle, top picture). I (aecial) stage found on stems, always found to the inside of the pycnidial areas

. The aecial (Peridermium) stage erupts out of diseased (canker) areas on the stem (see right, top picture). Eventually the necrotic regions completely girdle the stem and produce typicaly yellow flags (middle and right pictures, to the left); each flag (middle picture ) represents a new infection. Picture on left shows the typical chorlotic spots on needles caused by the intial infection by basidiospores from Ribes leaves.