AGARICALES: hymenophore either lamellate or porose; if porose, the tubes are easily removed from the pileus; basidiocarp fleshy, typically monomitic, rarely dimitic. In the modern sense, the boletes are placed in their own order, the Boletales.

Families: Agaricaceae, Amanitaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Boletaceae, Coprinaceae, Cortinariaceae, Entolomataceae, Gomphidiaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Lepiotaceae, Paxillaceae, Pluteaceae, Russulaceae, Strophariaceae, Tricholomataceae

Russulaceae: sphaerocysts in the gill trama; basidiospores amyloid (turns blue in Melzer's (chloral hydrate, iodine, potassium iodide))

Russula: observe basidiospores with amyloid warts and sphaerocysts.

• Russula emetica

Lactarius: differs from Russula in that a liquid (latex) will exude from the cut surface of the pileus or gills

• observe the attached gills in Lactarius deliciosus (left) and Lactarius fumosus (right)

classification for Basidiomycotina

rusts and smuts, jelly fungi (tremellales), jelly fungi (dacrymycetales), agaricales, aphyllophorales, gasteromycetes

genus and species

introductory features for Basidiomycotina