AGARICALES: Hymenophore either lamellate or porose; if porose, the tubes are easily removed from the pileus; basidiocarp fleshy, typically monomitic, rarely dimitic. In the modern sense, the boletes are placed in their own order, the Boletales.

• Items to recognized:
  • hymenophore types- lamellate (with gills), porose or tubulose (with tubes), spinose, wrinkle to pitted, or smooth.
  • both veils and the remnants of both veils--i.e., annulus, volva, and cortina
  • type of stipe attachment: (central-stipe in center of cap; eccentric- stipe off-center; lateral-stipe at the edge of cap)
  • type of hymenophore attachment: free- hymenophore not attached to the stipe; decurrent- hymenophore running down the stipe for a short distance; attached- hymenophore attached to the stipe but not running down the stipe
• Families:
• Agaricaceae: basidiospores purple brown to black; gills free.
  • Amanitaceae: basidiospores white; gills free or finely attached; gill trama divergent.
  • Bolbitiaceae: basidiospores rusty brown and with an apical germ pores; pileus cuticle a derm (the hyphae are arranged perpendicular to the pileus surface and appear cellular in view (i.e. they look like parenchyma cells)
  • Boletaceae: hymenophore porose, removeable from the pileus; basidiocarp monomitic.
  • Coprinaceae: basidiospores purple brown to black and with an apical germ pore; pileus cuticle a derm
  • Cortinariaceae: basidiospores rust brown to earth brown and without a germ pore; hymenophore not removeable from the pileus; pileus cuticle a cutis (the hyphae more or less parallel to the surface and not cellular in appearance)
  • Entolomataceae: basidiospores are flesh brown or salmon color and angular in some view; gills are attached
  • Gomphidiaceae: basidiospores black to smoky; gills decurrent, thick and waxy; gill trama divergent.
  • Hygrophoraceae: basidiospores light colored; basidia are extremely long, about 5.5-8.0 times longer than the spores.
  • Lepiotaceae: basidiocarps with white spores; free gill attachment; sphaerocysts absent in the trama; gill trama not parallel to subparallel.
  • Paxillaceae: hymenophore easily removeable from the pileus; basidiospores brown.
  • Pluteaceae: basidiospores flesh brown to salmon color and not angular in any view; gill trama convergent (the hyphae converge towards the center of the trama); gills free
  • Russulaceae: sphaerocysts in the gill trama; basidiospores amyloid (turn blue in Melzer's (chloral hydrate, iodine, potassium iodide))
  • Strophariaceae: basidiospores purple brown to black and with an apical germ pore; pileus cuticle a cutis.
  • Tricholomataceae: basidiospores white; gills attached; sphaerocysts absent in the trama of the pileus

classification for Basidiomycotina

rusts and smuts, jelly fungi (tremellales), jelly fungi (dacrymycetales), agaricales, aphyllophorales, gasteromycetes

genus and species

introductory features for Basidiomycotina