Botany 359- classification review

ASCOMYCOTA: see ascomycete features; ems; ascus; woronin boides; simple septal pore

ARCHIASCOMYCETES: ems around individual nuclei; no ascogenous hyphae; group because of DNA sequencing; ascocarp absent.

SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCATALES: Ascus from a single cell; no woronin boides;simple septal pore; Schizosaccahromyces

TAPHRINALES: Ascus from dikaryotic hyphae; woronin bodies ?; Taphrina

SACCHAROMYCETALES: Ascus from a single cell; no ascogenous hyphae; ems modified, around individual nuclei; woronin bodies; simple septal pore; ascocarp absent; Saccharomyces

FILAMENTOUS ASCOMYCETES: ems around all nuclei; ascogenous hyphae; woronin bodies; ascocarp+

Plectomycetes: Cleitothecium or a mazaedium; hymenium absent; prototunicate ascus; uniceulluar ascospores

EUROTIALES: cleistothecium; grouped because of conidia; not kerationphilic; Talaromyces

ONYGENALES: cleistothecium or mazaedium; Onygena; Gymnoascus

pyrenomycetes: perithecium typically present; hymenium typically present; ascus prototunicate or eutunicte and unitunicate.

SORDARIALES: Pertithecium, persistent, dark, leathery or carbonous; ascus unitunicate and in a hymenium; stroma absent.

Chaetomiaceae: asci evanescent and prototunicate; relationships to other members in Sordariales is not well known; economically important; Chaetomium

Sordariaceae: perithecia persistent; ascus unitunicate, non-amyloid; ascospores amerosporous (1-celled; Sordaria.

XYLARIALES: Pertithecium, persistent, dark, leathery or carbonous; ascus unitunicate and in a hymenium; stroma present

Xylariaceae: ascus apex amyloid; ascospores typicalley dark colored and with a slit, elliptical in shape; stroma typically present; Xylaria, Daldinia, Rosselinia.

Diatrypaceae: ascus unitunicate, apex amyloid; stroma + or -; ascospores sausage-shaped; see kodachrome slide of Diatrype;Diatrypella

microascales and ophiostomales: long-beaked perithecium; hymenium absent; prototunicae ascus; phylogenetic not related but reasons are not clear as yet, may have to do with centrum type; economically important; Ophiotstoma ulmi

HYPOCREALES. ascus unitunicate, inamyloid; stroma or subiculum +; Perithecia are light colored; apical paraphyses

Clavicipitaceae: stroma +; ascospores scolecosporous (worm-shaped); ascus unitunicate, apex inamyloid; perithecia are light-colored; scolecospores; Claviceps; Cordyceps

Hypocreaceae: stroma or subiculum+; ascospores variable (amerospores or didymospores); ascus unitunicate; perithecia are light-colored; amerospores or didymospores; Hypomyces

Nectriaceae: tpically without a stroma or a subiculum; Nectria

inoperculate discomycetes: apothecium; ascus inoperculate

Helotiales: ascocarp epigeous, an apothecium, not imbedded in host tissue; ascus inoperculate, unitunicate, and with an amyloid apical sphincter.

Leotiaceae (the next two groups are now placed within this family)

Dasyscyphus and relatives: ascocarps with hairs on the walls; hymenium often bright colored; ascospores ellipsoid; paraphyses often in the shape of lances.

Helotium, Calycella, Leotia, Cudonia and relatives ascocarps variable in shape but without hairs on the surface and not buried in wood; ascospores not filiform; ascocarps without dark hyphae in the wall. Undoubtedly the most common family of inoperculate discomycetes; most of the small ascocarps collected on wood belong to this group.

Dermataceae: similar to the Helotiaceae except this family has dark hyphae on the walls of the ascocarp; Mollisia.

Geoglossaceae. ascocarps are stipitate and either capitate, spathulate or club-shaped; scolecospores; Geoglossum, Trichoglossum, Microglossum; earth-tongues

Sclerotiniaceae. Differs from other families in the Helotiales by forming an overwintering structure called a sclerotium; apothecia stalked; ascosporess elliptiacl and amerosporous.

Apothecia single or in a stroma; ascocarp with black walls, often the ascocarp is called a hysterothecium. Ascus inoperculate, unitunicate or possible bitunicate, and inamyloid.

rhytismatales—odd group of fungi, not well characterized; however ascocarps different

Rhytisma. Ascocarps (apothecia) within a well developed stromata; asci inoperculate

Lophodermium, Hypoderma. ascocarp a hysterothecium; asci inoperculate and possibly bitunicate; placement within the Rhytismatales is questionable; most the needle diseases on conifers found in this group.

Stictis.

operculate discomycetes: apothecium; ascus operculate

PEZIZALES: epigeous ascocarps with operculate ascus

Pezizaceae: ascus operculate, bluing in Melzers. Peziza -dried material and prepared slide.

Humariaceae: ascus operculate; ascocarp with hairs on the margin; ascus does not blue in Melzers; Geopyxis, Humaria, Scutellinia.

Otideaceae: Ascocarps are ear shaped and split along one side; the ascus does not blue in iodine; the paraphyses are curved at the apex; Otidea.

Helvellaceae: ascocarps stipitate and either brain shaped, wrinkled, or saddle shaped; ascus does not blue in Melzers; Helvella, Gyromitra

Morchellaceae: ascocarps stipitate; pileus pitted with the hymenium located within the pits; Morchella.

Sarcoscyphaceae: ascus bilabiate, not blueing in Melzer’s; apothecia and hymenium bright colored; Pithya, Sarcoscypha.

Tuberaceae: ascomata hypoeous; ascus globose and does not blue in Melzer’s; ascua without an operculum and with no trace of spore discharge mechanism; ascospores ornamented or spiny and 2-3/ascus; hymenium present.

loculoascomycetes: bitunicate ascus; pseudothecium or pseudothecial ascomata

PLEOSPORALES. Why is this ascocarp called a pseuothecial ascomata and not perithecium (or perithecial ascomata; Pleospora, Leptosphaeria

erysiphales: Cleistothecium; hymenium present; asci probably bitunicate; powdery mildes; Erysipe, Uncinula, Phyllactinia, Microsphaera