Features of Fungi

eukaryotic

heterotrophic with asorptive nutrition (exoenzymes)

glyocogen as storage product

AAA lysine synthesis and DAP lysine sysnthesis

cell wall (see figure 2-7, p. 34 Alexopoulos, 4th edition)-handout as well.

cellulose absent in most fungi

chitin and chitosan

b -linked glucans

parts:

extracellular matrix: non-fibrillar composed of polysaccharides, a -glucans, glycoproteins

microfibillar region with major proteins tubulin and actin

outside of extracellular matric can be mucilaginous area, crystals (mostly Calcium oxalate)

organelles

macrovesicle, microvesicle

nuclei

small, often in large numbers, Mb average of 30 (2X that of yeast, 10X that of E. coli, 1/100 that of mammals)

N, 2N, Polyploid

chromosome number 7-20, relatively small

SPB (single pole bodies)

lack centriole

intranuclear nuclear divisionsl (nuclear envelop remains intact)

simple golgi bodies called Golgi equivalents which produce the veiscles

thallus

single-celled or hyphae

hyphae

plasmodium

found in substrate from which the fungus obtains nutrients for growth

form mycelium

exhibits apical growth

has vesicles

septate (simple pore or doliopore) or aseptate (coneoncytic)

stroma; sclerotium

ecological categories of fungi and substrtates available for colonization

parasites

biotroph and necrotroph

saprobes

mutualistic

endophytes

relationship between animals and fungi: insect fungi (many live on surface of insect without causing problems to insect); predaceous fungi

mycoparasites

reproduction

holocarpic vs. Eucarpic

holomorph (teleomorph=meiotic; anamorph= mitotic)

asexual by fragmentation, fission, budding, or by hyphal spores (arthrospores; chlamydospores)

spores: sexual vs. Asexual

asexual spores

sporangium producing sporangiospores (aplanospores; zoospores)

conidium

sexual

syngamy (plasmogamy; karyogamy)

dikaryon

sexual spores: ascospores, basidiospores, oospores, zygospores.

Zoospores: biflagellate (both whiplash; whiplash and tinsel); uniflagellate (anterior whiplash; posterior whiplash); anterior, posterior, and lateral

Classification of Fungi

Historical

Myxomycetes (cellular slime molds, plasmodial slime molds, plasmodiophoromycetes, labryinthulales)

Oomycetes

Hyphochytridiomycetes

Chytridiomycetes

Zygomycetes

Ascomycetes

Basidiomycetes

 

4 groups of slime molds not related to fungi nor to each other; each put in their own division: Plasmodiophoromycota, Dictyosteliomycota, Acrasiomycota, Myxomycota

Oomycetes, Hyphochtridiomycetes, and Labyrinthulomycetes: put in their own Kingdom (Stramenopila) apically or laterally flagellated with at least one tinsel; DAP lysine synthesis; coenocytic; typically diploid; Oomycota, Hyphochytridomycota, and Labyrintulomycota)

Chytrids: chitin, AAA-lysine synthesis; N; now in Chytridiomycota

Hyphal Fungi: Zygomycetes (now in Zygomycota), Ascomycetes (Ascomycota), and Basidiomycetes (Basidiomycota)

 

Lecture, examinations, schedule, chytrids, zygomycota, oomycota, slime molds, molds