Earth Resources Links

Society

Origins

History

Environment

FossilFuels

NuclearEnergy

AlternativeEnergy

AbundantMetals

ScarceMetals

Fertilizers

Building& Industrial Minerals

Water

Soil

Future Resources

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Minerals: The Foundation of Society

General - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/

Population – US census bureau – http://www.census.gov/

UN population info – http://www.undp.org/popin/

Historical data – http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/worldhis.html

Resources definitions – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/

Carbon dioxide emissions – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/carbon.html

Greenhouse effect – http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/index.html

Global warming - http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming

Chemical elements and periodic table –

http://www.chemicalelements.com/show/dateofdiscovery.html

http://www.webelements.com/

Statistical abstract of the US – http://www.census.gov/statab/www/

Plate Tectonics and the Origins of Mineral Resources

Plate tectonics – http://geology.er.usgs.gov/eastern/tectonic.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/tectonics.html

Fluid inclusions –

http://www.geology.iastate.edu/new_100/fluid_inc.html

Placer deposits – http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF6/658.html

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/prospect2/prospectgip.html

Stone Age tools – http://www.hf.uio.no/iakk/roger/lithic/sarc.html

Copper age – http://encarta.msn.com/find/concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=761552360&cid=3#p3

Bronze age – http://encarta.msn.com/index/conciseindex/03/0036F000.htm?z=1&pg=2&br=1

Iron age – http://www.netmedia.co.uk/history/week-3/index.html

Earth’s Resources Through History

General – http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/road_to_riches/timeline/text_timeline.stm

California gold rush – http://goldrush1849.com/thewaywest.html

http://ceres.ca.gov/ceres/calweb/geology/goldrush.html

http://www.acusd.edu/~jross/goldrush.html

http://www.sesquicentennial.com

Industrial Revolution – http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook14.html

Import Reliance – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/

OPEC – http://www.opec.org/193.81.181.14/Default.htm

http://www.eia.gov/eweu/cabs/opec.htm

DeBeers – http://www.debeers.co.uk/sindex.htm

Consumer Price Index – Inflation – http://stats.bls.gov/cpihome.htm

Inflation calculator – http://www.westegg.com/inflation/

US Defense National Stockpile – http://www.dodig.osd.mil/audit/reports/99-044.pdf

Environmental Impacts of Resource Exploitation and Use

Mining methods – http://www.kenergy.com/coalinfo/mining/mining.html

Mining impacts – http://www.northernminer.com

Oil spills – http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/siteindex.html

Exxon Valdez – http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/photos/exxon/exxon.html

Acid rain – general – http://bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain.index.htm

http://www.epa.gov.acidrain/

http://www.epa.gov/docs/acidrain/ardhome.html

Recent maps– http://water.usgs.gov/nwc/NWC.pH/html/ph.html

Effects inWash. D.C. – http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/acidrain/

Radon – http://sedwww.cr.usgs.gov:8080/radon/radonhome.html

Yucca Mountain – http://www.epa.gov/radiation/yucca/

http://www.ymp.gov/

Wipp Site – http://www.nsc.org/ehc/wipp.htm

Municipal solid waste – http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm

Recycling – http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/recycle.htm

Energy from Fossil Fuels

General – Energy Information Admin. – http://www.eia.doe.gov

Annual Energy Review – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/contents.html#NE

International Energy Annual – http://www.eia.doe.gov/eneu/iea/contents.html

Energy Flow Diagrams – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagrams/diagram1.html

History of Energy in the US – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/eh1999/eh1999.html

Electricity in the US – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagrams/diagram5.html

Peat – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/peat/

Coal flow diagram in the US - http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagrams/diagram4.html

Coal mining – http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/webcoal/pages/coalmining.htm

http://www.kenergy.com/coalinfo/mining/mining.html

Coal production – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/coal.html

Coal reserves US – http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/energy.overview/aer1999/txt/aer0402.txt

Coal reserves – world – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/res.html

Petroleum – history – http://www.pete.lsu.edu/pete1010_drake.htm

http://www.oilhistory.com/contents/contents.html

Petroleum Flow Diagram for the US –

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagrams/diagram2.htm

Production – US cumulative –

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/energy.overview/aer1999/txt/aer0402.txt

Oil Drilling – http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/offshore/deepwatr/options.html

Alaskan Pipeline – http://www.alyeska-pipe.com/library/index.html

Reserves – US – http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/energy.overview/aer1999/txt/aer0402.txt

http://www.fe.doe.gov/programs_reserves.html

Reserves – world – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/res.html

Strategic petroleum reserve – http://www.fe.doe.gov/spr/sprover.html

http://www.fe.doe.gov/spr/spr_ann.html

Oil spills – http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/siteindex.html

OPEC – http://www.opec.org/193.81.181.14/Default.htm

http://www.eia.gov/eweu/cabs/opec.htm

OPEC embargo in 1973 – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/25opec/anniversary.html

Persian Gulf War – http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/ops/docs/cpgw.pdf

Natural gas flow diagram for the US –

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/diagrams/diagram3.html

Natural gas usage – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/ng.html

Natural gas reserves – US –

http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/energy.overview/aer1999/txt/aer0402.txt

Natural gas reserves world – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/iea/res.html

Coal bed methane – http://energy.usgs.gov/factsheets/coalbed.coalmeth.html

Sea floor methane – http://marine.usgs.gov/fact-sheets/gas-hydrates/title.html

Oil shale – http://www.sppcpm.com/

Energy for the Future – Nuclear Power and Alternatives

General – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/three/timeline/index.html

Nuclear power generation – http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/three/sfeature/tmihow.html

http://www.uic.com.au/ne.htm

US nuclear plants – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/ne/html

http://www.nrc.gov/NRC/reactors.html

US nuclear plants map – http://www.nrc.gov/AEOD/pib/disclaimer.html

Waste disposal – http://www.nrc.gov/NRC/radwaste.html

Three Mile Island – http://www.nrc.gov/AEOD/pib/reactors/289/289toc.htm

http://www.libraries.psu.edu/crsweb/tmi/tmi.htm

Chernobyl – http://www.nea.fr/html/rp/chernobyl/chernobyl.html

Renewable energy – general – http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/renew.html

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/index.html

http://www.nrel.gov/

http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/rea_data/html/appendixd.html

Solar energy – http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/sol/index.html

http://www.howstuffworks.com/solar-cell.htm

Hydroelectric power – http:hydroelectricity.hypermart.net/dams.html

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/hydropower/index.html

Tidal power – http://hydroelectricity.hypermart.net/tidal.html

Wave power – http://hydroelectricity.hypermart.net/wave.html

Ocean thermal power – http://hydroelectricity.hypermart.net/otec.html

Wind energy – http://www.sandia.gov/wind/

http://www.sandia.gov/Renewable_Energy/wind_energy/links.htm

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/wind/index.html

Geothermal energy –

http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/geothermal/index.html

http://geothermal.id.doe.gov/

Biomass – http://www.epa.gov/globalwarming/actions/cleanenergy/biomass/index.html

Nuclear fusion – http://www.jet.uk/fusion1.html

Cold fusion – http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/02912.html

Abundant Metals

General – http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/cramb/Processing/history.html

Iron – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/iron_&_steel/

Manganese – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pbs/commodity/manganese/

Aluminum – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/aluminum/

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/bauxite/

Titanium – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/titanium/

Magnesium - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/magnesium/

Silicon - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silicon/

Recycling - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/recycle/

Geochemically Scarce Metals

General – http://www.northernminer.com

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/recycle/

Chromium - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/chromium/

Vanadium - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/vanadium/

Nickel - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/nickel/

Molybdenum - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/molybdenum/

Cobalt - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/cobalt/

Tungsten - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/tungsten/

Copper - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/copper/

Coinage – http://www.usmint.gov/

http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/6193/index.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/moolah/history.html

Lead - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lead/

Zinc - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zinc/

Tin - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/tin/

Mercury - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mercury/

Cadmium - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/cadmium/

Gold - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gold/

Silver - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silver/

Platinum group - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/platinum/

Rare Earths - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/rare_earths/

Fertilizer and Chemical Minerals

General – USGS – http://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs155-99/

InternationalFertilizer Development Center – http://www.ifdc.org

Potash - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/potash/

Nitrogen - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/nitrogen/

War of the Pacific – http://encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=76156235

Phosphorus - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/phosphate_rock/

Sulfur - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/sulfur/

Halite - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/salt/

Lake Peigneur – http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/texaco/texaco.html

http://www.stmarks.pvt.k12.tx.us/resources/seay/read20.htm

Soda Ash and Sodium Sulfate –

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/sodium_sulfate/

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/soda_ash/

Boron - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/boron/

Fluorine - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/fluorine/

Building Materials and Other Industrial Minerals

Building stone - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/stone_dimension/

Crushed stone - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/stone_crushed/

Sand & Gravel - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/sand_&_gravel_construction/

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silica/

Vermiculite - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/vermiculite/

Cement - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/cement/

Clays - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/clays/

Mica - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/mica/

Glass – http://encarta.msn.com/find/search.asp?z=1&pg=1&search=Glass

http://cornucopia-of-colors.com/history.html

Asbestos - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/asbestos/

Diamond – industrial - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/

Synthesis - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/

Zeolites - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/

Barite - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/barite/

Abrasives - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/abrasives/

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/

Gemstones - http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstones/index.html

Diamonds – DeBeers – http://www.debeers.co.uk/sindex.htm

GlobalDiamond Resources – http://www.globaldiamond.com

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/diamond/

Colored gems – http://www.gemstone.org/

http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gemstones/index.html

Pearls – http://www.pearling.net/pearlingnet_home/

Water Resources

General – USGS – http://water.usgs.gov/

Hydrologic cycle –

http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/hyd/home.rxml

http://www.und.nodak.edu/instruct/eng/fkarner/pages/cycle.htm

http://www.epa.gov/seahome/groundwater/src/cycle.htm#human

Water use – http://water.usgs.gov/watuse/

Surface water – http://water.usgs.gov/osw/

Current river flows – http://water.usgs.gov/realtime.html

Ground water – http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/

Ground water atlas – http://water.usgs.gov/gwa/

Drinking water standards – http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/standards.html

http://www.epa.gov/OGWDW/mcl.html

Water quality – http://water.usgs.gov/owq/

Arsenic in Bangladesh – http://bicn.com/acic

http://www.kfunigraz.ac.at/fwiwww/aan/news12/contamin.html

Flooding – http://www.fema.gov/library/floodf.htm

Channelization –

http://www.ies.wisc.edu/research/ies900/kimchannelization.htm#introduction

Kissimmee River – http://riverwoods.ces.fau.esu/Kissimmee/

http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/erd/krr/index.html

Drought – http://enso.unl.edu/ndmc/index.html

http://enso.unl.edu/ndmc/watch/watch.htm

Colorado River system – http://waterknowledge.colostate.edu/1948_ucr.htm

http://waterknowledge.colostate.edu/int_comp.htm

http://www.primenet.com/~alewis/ydp5.htm

http://www.yao.lc.usbr.gov/ydp5.htm

Desalination – http://www.ida.bm/

Salt water intrusion – http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/gwrp/saltwater/

Aral Sea – http://www.dfd.dlr.de/app/land/aralsee/index.html

http://www.ce.utexas.edu/centers/crwr/watermarks/fall95/articleone.html

Law of the sea – http://www.un.org/Depts/los/index.htm

Soil as a Resource

Soils – http://www.statlab.iastate.edu/soils/nsdaf/

Land use – http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/land/meta/m5116.html

http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/land/index/cover_use.html

http://www.nhq.nrcs.usda.gov/land/env/use1.html

The Dust Bowl – http://drylands.nasm.edu:1995/bowl.html

Erosion – http://www.weru.ksu.edu/pics/dust_storms/

http://www.weru.ksu.edu/problem.html

Agricultural History – http://www.usda.gov/history2/text4.htm

http://www.usda.gov/history2/front.htm

Desertification – http://www.ciesin.org/docs/002-479/002-479.html

Future Resources

Future resources – http://www.rtff.org/environment/water.htm

http://www.oit.doe.gov/mining/visions.shtml

Future energy – http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/forecasting.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/contents.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/steo/pub/contents.html

Fertilizers – http://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs155-99/

Mineral Resources – http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/

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